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PAEDIATRICS

 

Can the Ages and Stages Questionnaire identify developmental delay?

25 Oct 2022Registered users

If a child aged 12-60 months passes the Ages and Stages Questionnaire in all domains there is a moderate probability that there is no severe developmental delay, a systematic review and meta-analysis has found.

Bronchiolitis as a predictor of increased risk of future asthma

26 Sep 2022Registered users

Infants with bronchiolitis characterised by a history of breathing problems, eczema and rhinovirus infection are at increased risk of developing asthma by age 6-7 years, an analysis of three prospective cohort studies has found.

Examining adolescents’ concerns about their food allergy

27 Jul 2022Registered users

Using adrenaline auto-injectors, difficulties in choosing allergen-free foods, lack of understanding in peers and others, and fear of stigmatisation were among the main concerns voiced by adolescents with food allergies, a systematic review has found.

Adolescent risk factors accelerate biological ageing at midlife

25 May 2022Registered users

Smoking, obesity, and psychological disorders during adolescence are associated with older biological age at 45, a large cohort study has found.

Asthma education reduces hospitalisations in children

25 Apr 2022Registered users

Asthma education reduces the frequency of hospitalisation and visits to emergency departments and clinics in children, a meta-analysis has found. Education involving both children and parents/guardians was more effective than that involving only children.

Do inhaled corticosteroids in the early years affect growth?

24 Feb 2022Registered users

Use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in young children was associated with a slightly reduced height at the age of six but only in those who continued treatment into their sixth year, in a prospective study from Denmark.

Raised FeNO predicts asthma attacks in children

24 Jan 2022Registered users

High FeNO levels were independently associated with an increased risk of future asthma attacks in children, in a prospective observational cohort study from the UK. Other risk factors identified included a recent history of asthma attacks, and a reduction in the asthma medication ratio.

When should antibiotics be prescribed for LRTIs in children?

27 Oct 2021Registered users

Amoxicillin for uncomplicated chest infections in children is unlikely to be clinically effective, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in primary care has found. The study authors recommend that unless pneumonia is suspected, clinicians should provide safety-netting advice but not prescribe antibiotics for most children presenting with chest infections.

Maternal asthma associated with atopic dermatitis in offspring

26 Jul 2021Registered users

A history of maternal asthma was significantly associated with the development of atopic dermatitis, as well as asthma and wheeze, in children, a cohort study from the USA has found.

Breaking bad news to parents about their child’s prognosis

25 Jun 2021Registered users

Parents of children facing terminal or life-threatening illnesses require timely information about their child’s prognosis from healthcare professionals and an opportunity to provide input into the discussion, a qualitative study from the Netherlands has found.

Preterm birth associated with raised risk of developmental problems at age five

25 May 2021Registered users

Rates of cerebral palsy and moderate and severe neurodevelopmental problems in five year olds were higher in children born prematurely compared with those born at full term, a large study from France has found.

Do oral steroids improve respiratory outcomes in preschool children with acute wheeze?

22 Apr 2021Registered users

Oral prednisolone had little effect on respiratory parameters at 24 hours in young children attending an emergency department with acute wheeze, in a study from New Zealand. However, admission rates, and the need for additional oral prednisolone and intravenous medication were lower in children in the prednisolone group.

Preterm birth associated with shorter life span

21 Feb 2021Registered users

Individuals born even slightly prematurely have an increased risk of early death in adult life, a Nordic population-based study has found.

Prematurity associated with higher hospital admission rates in childhood

25 Jan 2021Registered users

Children born preterm, even at 38 and 39 weeks’ gestation, have increased hospital admission rates in the first ten years of life, a large population-based study has found.

Siblings of infants with sudden unexpected death at increased risk

22 Jun 2020Paid-up subscribers

An observational study using clinical case records has found a ten-fold increased risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) in siblings of SUDI cases.

Emollients do not prevent eczema in infancy

25 May 2020Paid-up subscribers

Daily emollient use for the first 12 months of life did not protect against the development of eczema in high-risk children, a UK study has found. Infants born at full term were recruited to a randomised controlled trial carried out at 12 hospitals and four primary care sites across the UK between 2014 and 2016. All the infants were deemed at high risk of developing eczema because of a family history of atopic disease i.e. at least one first-degree relative with parent reported eczema, allergic rhinitis, or asthma diagnosed by a doctor.

Obesity in early childhood leads to obesity in adolescence

20 Dec 2018Registered users

The vast majority of children who were obese at three years of age were overweight or obese in adolescence, a study from Germany has found.

Emollient bath additives of little benefit in childhood eczema

25 Jun 2018Registered users

A multicentre pragmatic randomised trial of the clinical effects of emollient bath additives (EBAs) in children with eczema has concluded that their benefits are at best limited.

Children with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk of cancer

23 Oct 2017Registered users

A diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood more than doubles the relative risk of developing cancer but the absolute risk remains low, according to the findings of a Swedish nationwide cohort study.

High levels of resistance to antibiotics prescribed for UTIs in children

25 Apr 2016Registered users

A meta-analysis has revealed significant levels of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTI) in children. Resistance rates were highest for ampicillin and lowest for nitrofurantoin. The researchers set out to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistant E. coli UTIs in children in a primary care setting and to quantify the relationship between prior exposure to antibiotics and subsequent bacterial resistance.

Survivors of childhood cancer at increased risk of autoimmune diseases

25 Jan 2016Paid-up subscribers

A Scandinavian study of survivors of childhood cancer has found a significantly higher incidence of a range of autoimmune disorders compared with matched controls. Using Denmark, Iceland and Sweden’s comprehensive national cancer and hospital episode recording registries 20,361 survivors of cancer diagnosed before the age of 20 were identified. These individuals were matched with 125,794 controls selected from national population registers. The median follow-up was 15 years for survivors and 19 years for controls (range 0-42 years for both).

Enterovirus linked to type 1 diabetes in children

24 Nov 2014Paid-up subscribers

A large retrospective population-based cohort study from Taiwan has added weight to the association between enterovirus infection and onset of type 1 diabetes in childhood.

Macrolides linked to increased risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

22 May 2014Paid-up subscribers

A large and very well organised study from Denmark has shown that there is a significantly increased risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in infants exposed to macrolide antibiotics. Data were collected over 16 years on nearly one million (999,378) singleton liveborn babies. Overall, 30,091 women (3%) took macrolides during pregnancy and 21,557 (2.2%) after birth. A total of 6,591 infants (0.6%) were given macrolide treatment directly.

Do CT scans in childhood raise cancer risk?

25 Jul 2013Paid-up subscribers

Undergoing CT scans during childhood is associated with a small but significant risk of developing cancer, a large data linkage study from Australia has found. The absolute excess incidence rate for all cancers combined was 9.38 per 100,000 person-years at risk after nearly ten years’ follow-up.

Cryptorchidism raises risk of testicular cancer later on

28 Jan 2013Paid-up subscribers

Boys with isolated cryptorchidism have a three-fold increased risk of developing testicular cancer later in life, a meta-analysis published in Archives of Disease in Childhood has found.

Children of older mothers have better health outcomes

12 Dec 2012Paid-up subscribers

Older maternal age is associated with better health and development in young children, a large observational study from the UK has found.

Early diagnosis is key in autism

01 Jun 2007Paid-up subscribers

Paediatrics