Kidney cancers account for 2-3% of all adult malignancies in the UK. The incidence has been increasing which may reflect changing risk factors including a rise in obesity. Early diagnosis improves survival with five-year survival rates for renal cancer of 70-94% for localised tumours, in the UK, but this survival rate falls to 40-70% when cancer has spread beyond the kidney.  [With external links to current evidence and summaries]