Patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes who underwent bariatric surgery, in addition to medical treatment, showed a significantly greater improvement in glycaemic control and weight loss than those receiving medical therapy alone. The trial, from the US, was a single site, open label, randomised 12-month study comparing intensive medical therapy with or without the addition of a surgical bariatric intervention (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) in 150 obese patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. A single experienced surgeon performed the bariatric procedures. Mean age of the patients was 49 years, BMI 36 and average HbA1c  9.2%. Two-thirds of the patients were women.